The extent to which someone has chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the actual stage of the CKD is indicated by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a measure of how well the kidneys filter blood. Someone with Stage 1 kidney disease has a GFR of over 90 mL/min and those with Stage 2 kidney disease have a GFR between 60-89 mL/min; there is little cause for concern here, however, and certainly, from a mortality modelling perspective, has little to no impact on life expectancy.

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Insurers are favouring funded re as it helps firms manage the market and longevity risks associated with writing bulk purchase annuity (BPA) business by reducing capital charges and therefore making PRT deals more competitive. 

Unsurprisingly, given its growth and potential for capital optimisation, UK regulators have been carefully watching the increased use of funded re. In June 2023, the Prudential Regulatory Authority (PRA) sent a “Dear CRO’ letter to heads of risk at UK life insurers.

The letter outlined the regulator’s two main concerns from a sectoral review which it had carried out.

“One of the key risks arising in funded re is that firms recapture sub-optimal portfolios with depressed values and with limited ability to be transformed effectively to the firms’ preferred portfolio,” the PRA letter said.

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